Resumo (EN)
With the objective to understand and discuss the relationship of human milk in inflammatory bowel diseases in pediatrics, in addition to clarifying how breastfeeding can act to control these diseases in childhood, a state-of-the-art review study was carried out in which the search information in the electronic databases, PubMed / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo, between the years 2000 and 2018, using the descriptors "child nutrition", "breastfeeding", "infants", "child" and "inflammatory bowel disease ”. The final sample had 13 articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and, after reading the texts, 4 discussion groups were established: 1) development of the intestinal microbiota; 2) infant formula versus human milk: advantages and disadvantages; 3) the role of the maternal diet in the composition of human milk and; 4) protective role of breastfeeding in inflammatory bowel diseases. According to the studies involved in this review, exclusive breastfeeding has a protective role in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, although further clarification is needed about the minimum period of breastfeeding and the mechanism of action of breast milk.