Fatores sociodemográficos e nutricionais como determinantes da Insegurança Alimentar e nutricional

Resumo (EN)

This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and nutritional factors that determine food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) in children and adolescentes in Brazil. This is a review study based on cross-sectional epidemiological studies, published in the last 06 years, with a population composed of children and adolescentes in situation of social vulnerability, in the languagues Portugueses, English and Spanish. Among the eight selected studies, it was observed high prevalence of FNI and equivalent distribution between sexes. Besides
verifying higher prevalence of FNI in the North and Northeast regions, with the highest rastes in the states of Maranhão and Piauí, and the lowest in Rondônia and Amazonas, establishing a correlation between FNI and low Human Development Index (HDI). Besides the prevalence of FNI was much bigger in children that attended public schools, that ate fewer meals a day and had high consumption of foods rich in sugar, fried, embedded and ultra-processed and in families whose mother had less than 40 years old, single mother and sole provider. In 80% of households in situation in FNI the per capita incomes was less than a minimum wage and/or received financial assistance from the government, as Bolsa Família. 78% of the children younger than 5 years old with index weight/height below ideal represented some degree of FNI. There are several variants that influence the hunger process and impact on the high incidence of FNI in a large part of the population, which implies the non-fulfillment of the Human Right to Food, therefore, it is necessary to create public policies in order to support and assist such population.