Tecnoutopias: as imbricações homem/máquina na cibercultura

Resumo (EN)

This study makes an analysis of the communicational consequences to human relations following the intense technology overlap that occurred between the 19th and the 21st centuries, being the latter, the peak of permanent connect condition imposed by the massive use of computing devices connected to the internet. Was sought to establish a line of reasoning that pointed out to the historical determinations and contemporaneous implications of this process of technological overlapping man-machine, as well as the impacts of this process at the human interpersonal relationships. The term "tecnoutopias" [techno utopias], used as title, represents the condition of 'ideal civilization' announced by the emergence of technology and intensified with the popularization of computers and, later, computer networks. Such technological elements have molded and still mold our society by putting it at its service, since they are presented as the essential elements of sociability itself. Therefore, what borns announced as an enhancer of interpersonal relationships, reveals itself as a mediator of these, formatting these relationships. The objective was to highlight the determinations and consequences that cybernetic existence, proper of contemporaneous society, tend to produce. For that, a theoretical investigation of the historical communicational and relational processes mediated by technological devices was done, in the context of Cyberculture. It is proposed, at the beginning, a reflection about the historical developments that have driven and have determined the contemporaneous condition of technological imbrication in social relations, followed by a reflection about the meanings and formulations on communication's concept, seeking specifically to identify theoretically the differences in information and communicative processes, especially those mediated by the technological structures. Similarly, was sought to list and demonstrate the systemic nature of the definitions and meanings proposed by theoretical models which describe the communication processes, analogously constituted by computable structures, i.e., focusing on informational efficiency. The study of theories that constitute the science of networks here presented aim to properly situate the mediator nature of the connections, which antagonizes with the concepts of linkage used in communication processes. In this way, it was described the decisive role of the non-human elements at the informational mediation afforded by computational arrangements which paradoxically name themselves as communication. Finally, the study goes trough the possibilities of this machinic imbrication provide the organic change, leading society to a post-humanistic, either by destitution of human potential by machinery, or by voluntary transformation of humans into automatons. In both cases, the scenario presented seemed delicate because it touches the ideals of domination and ethnic cleansing, as in the case of propositions presented about cyborgs. This study is purely theoretical-conceptual relying on research from convergent areas, such as: Communication, Cyberculture, Cognition and Sociology, and uses the following main authors: Norval Baitello Junior, Richard Barbrook, Jean Baudrillard, Zygmunt Bauman, Malena Segura Contrera, Francisco Rüdiger and Neil Postman.