A Radio Nacional e a Produção de Radioteatro

Resumo (EN)

The intention of this Dissertação is to study the National Radio as pioneering in the production of the Brazilian radio theater. Chapter I analyzes the origin and the development of the radio in Brazil, under historical aspects. Part of the premise of that the ways of the radio if interrelate with the politician-economic and partner-cultural ways of Brazil. Being based on the La workmanship radio on the inside y for fuera, of Jimmy Garci'a Camargo, the author emphasizes the discovery of the electricity as factor that provided the invention of the device capable to transmit signals through electromagnetic waves, excusing the connection by means of wires. The inventions of the telegraph and the telephone constitute the base of the broadcasting. These equipment allowed the transmission of signals, with the wire use. The military had been the pioneers to use the teleradiodifusão for the fact of being an instrument that facilitated communication enters the ships of a fleet. The paternity of I invent it of the radio was attributed to Guillermo Marconi, thanks to the interests and support of England. However, in Brazil, the figure of the Landell priest de Moura who invented constructed equipment for the sonorous broadcasting, starts to be pointed as precursory of Marconi. However, it did not get support of the Brazilian government, although to have its inventions patented in the United States, as it accents Antonio Costella. The broadcasting is implanted in Brazil, after the World War 1, in 1922. ln this year the Centenarian of lndependence festejava itself. Two important industries of electronic products, the Westinghouse and General Electric, had collaborated in the installations of the first Brazilian sender who was later called of Radio Society of Rio De Janeiro for initiative of Roquette Pinto and Enrique Moritze. After to detach the facts that had marked the beginning of the Brazilian broadcasting, including the phases where the first modifications appear of the programming arrives it the conclusion, of that Chapter I emphasizes that the radio has a basic importance thanks to its geographic reach and the function to inform, to form, to guide, to educate and to entertain its public-target. Chapter 11 it emphasizes radiodrama as artistic vein of the sonorous broadcasting. He signals that few authors exist who deal with the sort. ln Brazil, Antonio Adami wrote on the subject in books and magazines. For the writing of this text Cured Fernando appealed itself to it Ribeiro (of Portugal) and to the coletânea organized for George Bernard SPERBER, (of Germany). The production of radiodrama has its almost concomitant origin to the sprouting of the proper radio. The first parts had appeared in the Europe, from 1924, as it designates Cured Fernando Ribeiro. For this author, the first part that it marks definitively she was French and she was called of Tidal wave, dated of May of 1924. The text of radiodrama possesss peculiarities in relation to the too much radiofônicos sorts. Ribeiro indicates a structure for its production. This author classifies the stages of a radiofônica production, identifies the applied codes of the radiofônica language radiodrama. Of speaking of "sonorous images", the author teaches that "noises and trucagens" are part of the art of the dramaturgia in the radio. The "elements of the radiofônica part" are presented by Wemer Klippert, in the coletânea of Sperber, detach the function of the microphone and the magnetic ribbon in the edition of parts. One was about a technology that placed in the ostracism the presentation to the living creature, as it happened in the first times of the radio. After After focusing the radio as instrument of diffusion of the popular culture, this chapter traces a profile of the Age Vargas, where the contrai of the State if made present in all national programming, with the objective to manipulate the public opinion for the maintenance of the "status quo" of the effective system in Brazil. ln chapter Ili it is approached National Ray as phenomenon of vanguard in if treating to the sonorous broadcasting in Rio De Janeiro and Brazil. lt analyzes the phases for which the sender passed since its foundation, in 1936. lt emphasizes its paper in the development of the popular programming, mainly in the diffusion of sorts of radio theater production. The National Radio left a mark in the history of the sonorous broadcasting, mainly in if treating to productions of radionovelas, before the advent the Television, in 1950. The new media made with that the radio searched new alternativas of languages. To this if it must the sprouting of the senders of Freqüência Modulada (FM). The initial programmings more than consisted musics directed to the young. The senders in AM, known as
Average Wave, ahead of the Television, had also adjusted themselves to the new dimension of the midiática culture in Brazil. She standes out myself that the National Radio was distinguished, over all, for the production of the radio theater. lts administrativa capacity, discovered that the radio theater brought for the sender a great hearing. The radio theater after started in the National Radio three months its inauguration, with the transmission of humorísticos dialogues or not, intercalating musical numbers. This was in December of 1936. But the August of 1937 only is that the "Theater in House" estreou, with the irradiation of complete parts. The novel in chapters had beginning day 5 of June of 1941, to the 1 O and stocking of the morning, with production of "ln search of the happiness". To the 20 hours of the night of 8 of January of 1951 it entered in air, for the one for the National Radio of Rio De Janeiro, the first chapter of "the right of being born", of the Cuban Félix Caignet. The most famous novel of the history of the Brazilian radio was in poster until September of 1952, perfazendo a total of 260 chapters. ln the following year, the National one inaugurated a new studio of radio theater, with resources such that were considered at the time optimum of the world. Under the sponsorship of Melhorai and the Magnesia Milk of Philips, also in 1953 "Hieronymite, the hera of the hinterland" estreou the series, of Moysés Weltman, that would be in air up to 1967. Therefore, this production of radio theater was in air during 14 years. lt was relayed in hundreds of senders in all the domestic territory. During all to the decade of 1950 the dramatizações were component-keys of the programming of the main senders of the country Of cast of the National Radio the artists were part most famous, campeoníssimos of the competitions of "Better of the Radio", carried through periodically for the specialized magazines, as the Magazine of the Radio and the Radiolândia. Until middle of the decade of 1950, the National Radio theater produced and had been radiates 861 novels, the most heard of the Brazilian radio, according to safer research of hearing.