Análise Molecular de Circovírus Porcino Tipo 2 (PCV2a e PCV2b) em Populações de Queixadas: Implicações para uma só Saúde

Resumo (EN)

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is a globally distributed viral agent, widely recognized for its impact on swine production and its ability to infect other host species. Its emergence in natural environments raises serious concerns within the One Health framework, particularly in fragmented ecosystems such as Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, where interactions between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans are intensified. The detection of PCV2 in endangered species represents not only a sanitary alert but also a critical challenge to biodiversity conservation. Objective: To assess the presence of PCV2a and PCV2b genotypes in biological samples from Tayassu pecari (white-lipped peccaries) in three conservation units in the state of São Paulo, integrating molecular surveillance with ecological and geographic variables under a One Health approach. Method: A total of 167 samples from 66 individuals were analyzed, including serum, tissues, and rectal swabs. Samples were collected from the Ilha do Cardoso State Park (PEIC), Serra do Mar State Park – Santa Virgínia Nucleus (PESM-SV), and the Caetetus Ecological Station (EEC). Viral detection was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with absolute quantification of viral load. The analysis considered environmental variation and geographical differences between the parks. Results: Twenty samples tested positive (8 for PCV2a and 12 for PCV2b), predominantly from the coastal regions of PEIC and PESM-SV. In contrast, no viral detection was observed in samples from the EEC, a more isolated conservation area located in the interior of São Paulo. This spatial pattern reinforces the influence of anthropogenic pressure, ecological connectivity, and proximity to human activities on viral dissemination. Conclusion: The findings indicate a potential hotspot for viral circulation in coastal areas and suggest that environmental factors modulate PCV2 distribution in wild populations. The integration of genomic surveillance, environmental management, and One Health strategies is essential to anticipate risks and protect vulnerable species. This study pioneers a novel interface between virology, ecology, and conservation, offering critical insights for public health and environmental policy development.