Efeito do tratamento sistêmico com resveratrol na progressão da periodontite experimental em ratas com deficiência de estrogênio: análise morfométrica, imunoenzimática e de expressão gênica

Resumo (EN)

This study aimed to determine the role of resveratrol (RESV) and zoledronate (ZDL) in the progression of alveolar bone loss (POA) in experimental periodontitis (EP) in ovariectomized animals (OVT). The animals were divided into the groups: OVT + RESV (n: 10): OVT + resveratrol; OVT + PLA (n: 10): OVT + placebo; OVT + ZLD + PLA (n: 10): OVT + zoledronate + placebo; OVT + RESV + ZLD (n: 10): OVT + RESVV and ZLD; SHAM (n: 10): non-ovariectomized animals + placebo. The induction of PE was performed by the placement of cotton threads in the maxillary second molars. After euthanasia, the maxilla were submitted to microtCT analysis and morphometric analysis to quantify the POA. The gingival tissue collected for the immunoenzymatic analysis of local pro and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, INFγ, TNF-α) and / or oxidative stress related [superoxide dismutase - SOD1; and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase] by the Luminex / MAGPix and ELISA assays respectively and gene expression analysis (OPG, RANKL and Runx2). Blood was collected for serum analysis of Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX), through Elisa. The morphometric results showed that the OVT + PLAC group presented greater bone loss when compared to the other groups (p <0.05). The groups that received ZLD had lower alveolar bone loss when compared to OVT + RESV and SHAM + PLAC groups (p <0.05). In the analysis of microCT, lower bone density was observed in the OVT + PLAC group compared to the other groups (p <0.05) and lower bone volume percentage in the OVT + PLAC group compared to OVT + ZLD + PLAC, OVT + ZLD + RESV and SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). Treatment with ZLD promoted higher density and percentage of bone volume when compared to OVT + RESV and SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05).In relation to immunoenzymatic analysis, IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the OVT + PLAC group versus OVT + ZLD + RESV and SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). Higher levels of IL-1β and IL-17 in the OVT + PLAC group were observed compared to SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). The concentration of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α was lower in OVT + ZLD + PLAC, when compared to OVT + PLAC group (p <0.05). As for the levels of the markers related to oxidative stress, it was observed that NADPH oxidase had significantly lower levels in the OVT + RESV group when compared to OVT + PLAC (p <0.05). Already the levels of SOD1 were lower in the OVT + PLAC group versus OVT + ZLD + PLAC and SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). Analysis of gene expression revealed significant differences only in OPG mRNA levels, with a lower concentration in OVT + PLAC compared to the SHAM + PLAC group (p <0.05). In relation to serum CTX levels, the OVT + PLAC group had higher levels of CTX compared to OVT + ZLD + PLAC, OVT + ZLD + RESV and SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). A higher CTX level was observed in the OVT + RESV group versus SHAM + PLAC (p <0.05). It can be concluded that ZDL reduced POA by modulating levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and SOD1 in the presence of osteoporosis. In the estrogen deficiency condition, the RESV did not modulate the POA and did not bring additional benefits when associated to the ZDL.