Evaluating antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of glass ionomer cement modified by chitosan and hydroxyapatite

Resumo (EN)

Objectives
This study aimed to assess antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and cytokine release (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) of chitosan (CH) and hydroxyapatite (HAp)-modified glass ionomer cements (GIC).
Methods
GICs with varied CH and HAp concentrations (0%, 0.16%, 2%, 5%, 10%) were tested against S. mutans for 24h or 7 days. Antimicrobial activity was measured using an MTT test. Cytotoxicity evaluation followed for optimal concentrations, analyzing mitochondrial activity and apoptosis in hDPSCs. Cytokine release was assessed with MAGPIX. Antimicrobial
analysis used Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunnett tests. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests were applied for hDP metabolism and cytokine release.
Results
CH 2% and HAp 5% significantly enhanced GIC antimicrobial activity, especially after seven days. In immediate analysis, all materials showed reduced mitochondrial activity compared to the control. After 24h, CH demonstrated mitochondrial metabolism similar to the control. All groups exhibited mild cytotoxicity (∼30% cell death). Only IL-6 was influenced, with
reduced release in experimental groups.
Significance
CH 2% and HAp 5% were most effective for antibacterial effects. GIC-CH 2% emerged as the most promising formula, displaying significant antibacterial effects with reduced hDPSC toxicity.