Análise filogenética do SARS-Cov-2 na pandemia de COVID-19 de 2020

Resumo (EN)

Objective – The aim of this study was to perform phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in comparison to other beta-coronaviruses and to apply silico genomic analysis tools. Methods – An observational, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in which sequences of the complete genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were analyzed through the NCBI database, using the term “sarscov-2seqs” uploaded until 03/25/2020. The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) was performed using the MAFFT program, the identity and similarity calculation between the sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other Betacoronavirus was performed using the IVistMSA program. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor joinging method (NJ). Results – There were 99 complete SARSCoV-2 genome sequences inserted in NCBI plataforma isolated from 13 countries. The USA was the country with the highest percentage of identity, 99.98% with the reference sequence NC045512 isolated in China. In comparison with the first sequencing performed in Brazil (MT126808), the percentage of similarity was 99.90%. However, by analyzing the phylogenetic tree, the first virus isolated in Brazil showed a close evolutionary relationship with the virus sequenced in Italy, as they belong to the same clade. Conclusion – The new coronavirus shows rapid evolution, which reinforces the need for containment and prevention measures to slow down contagion among the population, such as the use of contagion prevention measures such as the use of masks in public places, social distance and avoidance of formation of agglomerations, in order to reduce the incidence of new cases and not to overburden the public health system.