Contaminação química superficial de implantes osseointegrados: estágio atual

Resumo (EN)

Implantodontics is currently one of the major resources for oral rehabilitation. The success of such treatment is largely connected with the integrity preservation of neighboring teeth and with the increasing advances in biomaterial knowledge. Titanium is today the material of choice for this kind of procedure, for forming the bioadehesion between the surface thereof and the osseous tissue. Several factors may contribute to the failure of such technique, such as contamination of the metallic surface, which may occur during implant production, sterilization, and handling. This study, based on the literature reviewing, has tried to discuss the influence of such substances on the clinical success of this procedure. Our conclusions are as follows: titanium implants present surface contamination, resulting from the manufacturing process, cleanliness, sterilization, and packaging, and occurring during the clinical handling of the material; such contamination may exert a negative influence, either total or partial, on the osseointegration process; among the substances observed in the implant surfaces, carbon, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, silicon, chlorine, sulfur, aluminum, iron, and nitrogen are the most commonty found; experimental studies are necessary for establishing the limits of contamination and the influence thereof on the osseointegration process.